Greenhouse - the most suitable place for growing peppers. It is in her that it is possible to create favorable conditions for obtaining a rich harvest.
Let's look at all the nuances of pepper: planting and care in the greenhouse, the tactics of growing and obtaining an excellent harvest.
What to plant?
Variety selection is one of important conditions of cultivation of culture in greenhouse conditions. Not all varieties are suitable for closed ground. Mainly successfully grown in greenhouses hybrids, as they are more resistant to diseases, self-pollinated and unpretentious. At the same time, they are characterized by high yields.
Well proven varieties Alesya, Kubik, Golden, Troika, Othello, Victoria, Tenderness. For fresh pepper for a long time it is better to plant varieties of different maturity dates.
On our site you can learn about other varieties of pepper: Chile, Cayenne, green pepper-peas, white pepper-peas, Jalapeno, Atlas, Habanero.
Seedling preparation rules
When to plant pepper for the greenhouse? Sowing is carried out in mid-February - early March. This crop has the longest growing season during the growing season, so they start sowing much earlier than other vegetables.
Drawers or cups are prepared for sowing. A single landing in separate containers is preferable, since the root system is weak and does not tolerate the transplant. If you sow it in a common box, then after the formation of two leaves, you need to produce picking.
Seeds are disinfected in a forty-degree one percent solution. potassium permanganate 30 minutes, then wrapped in a cloth for pecking. After 4-5 days, the seeds are placed in a mixture of sand, earth and humus. The containers are covered with foil and put in heat.
If the greenhouse is heated, seedlings can be sown directly in it. Well established modern blocks of microwavesrecently appeared on sale. The roots in these conditions are in the individual shell, which has special properties of isolation from the effects of the external environment.
Of the more traditional methods can be noted peat pots. When transplanted into the ground, the plant is not removed from it, which means that the roots are not injured. There is also a method of growing in plastic bags filled with earth.
In the phase of two leaves, the seedlings are fed with mineral fertilizers. The second feeding is carried out after 20 days.
When sprouts reach 15 cm, they pinch the upper buds. After that, the bush begins to branch due to the formation of lateral shoots.
A necessary condition for growing seedlings is its hardening. In warm weather, you need to regularly carry it outside and keep it in a shade, closed from drafts.
When grown in a greenhouse, you need regular ventilation during the day.
Planting seedlings
Pepper is demanding in terms of nutrition and substrate laxity. They prepare the soil for it in advance, dig it up, add humus or compost, potassium phosphate fertilizer.
IMPORTANT. Two weeks before transplanting, place it directly in the greenhouse for adaptation.
The time of planting depends on the air temperature and the degree of readiness of the plants. The seedlings should be at least 60 days old, the height of the bushes should be 25 cm. Healthy, prepared seedlings have a thick stem, large, shiny leaves of even color. The air temperature in the greenhouse should be at least 16 degrees at night.
Density of planting depends on the grade. Spreading, high planted at a distance of 35-40 cm from each other, and short, compact - at 20-30 cm. For each bush prepare a hole of such depth that it fit completely root system.
At least two liters of water are poured into each well, then a bush is placed, without deepening above the level at which it had previously grown. The land around is slightly crushed, watered and mulched with humus or peat so that it does not crack.
Care
Pepper is a thermophilic culture, so make sure that there is no fluctuation in temperature during cultivation. The best is 23-250. If the greenhouse is too hot, the plant may start dropping flowers.
Another condition is correct watering. How to water the pepper in the greenhouse? If the moisture is not enough, the plants will begin to burn, yellow spots will appear on the leaves. But do not overmoist soil, otherwise the fungus will begin to develop.
Watering the pepper should be at the root of warm water. In the heat of the bushes sprayed to maintain moisture, which is maintained within 60%.
Shrubs need to regularly pinch, that is, to remove excess shoots. The plant leaves the two strongest stalk, the rest are cut. In addition, all shoots that lack flowers and excess foliage are regularly pruned.
Tall varieties must be tied to pegs or trellis.
Carefully remove weeds. If this is not done, the pepper will be shaded and the yield will decrease.
TIP. Helps fight weeds mulching. Soil does not grow in mulch.
Pepper requires weekly feeding. The composition of fertilizers depends on the age of the plants. At the beginning of cultivation nitrogen supplements prevail. The nitrogen content in the dressings sharply reduced with the formation of buds and fruits. At this time, the culture requires phosphorus and potassium.
Growing problems
An important step in growing pepper in a greenhouse is its protection from pests and diseases.
Diseases associated with violation of the rules of care. Most often the culture affects:
- Blackleg. The fungus infecting the root and stem when the soil is over-wetted in combination with low temperature. This fungus spreads at high speed, infects the entire soil. They fight with it by pre-disinfection before planting in the greenhouse. If on some plant you notice its signs, you should immediately remove the infected shrub and process the rest. fungicide. It is also necessary to limit watering.
- Bacterial spotting. It affects the stem and leaves, there are numerous spots. Fruits become infected during fruiting, watery spots appear on them, and they lose their presentation and taste.
- Late blight. Leads to rotting fruit. Promotes development excessive moisture. A disease can occur due to infection of seeds, so they need to be properly treated before sowing.
- Stolbur. Carrier disease are insects. Plants begin to turn yellow and dry up. If symptoms occur, use drugs. Farmod, Actellic, Phytoplasmin. Remove weeds in time.
- Cladosporiosis. The leaves are covered with light spots, ovaries fall. Spraying the disease copper sulphate.
TIP. Any infection is easier to prevent than to cure. Therefore, on time spend disinfection in the greenhouse and process the seeds before planting. Immediately remove plants with signs of disease.
In addition to disease, pepper often suffers from pests:
- The most common is aphid. It covers the leaves with sticky residue and causes them to curl. Can fight insects by spraying infusion of onions and garlic.
- Slugs. Sprinkling soil helps to fight them red pepper, lime.
- The appearance on the leaves of white fibrous plaque indicates infection spider mite. Destroy it Carbofos, Aktellik, Fufanon.
Some secrets
There are some subtleties of cultivation of this crop, helping to increase the yield.
Collect the formed fruits in time. If one is ripe, remove it so that others can begin to mature.
Regularly remove dry and fruitless branches. While they are on the bushes, the plant is forced to spend forces on them.
Treat the bushes with the ovary to stimulate fruit formation.
Harvest
Ripe fruits should be removed from the bushes in a timely manner, as soon as they have acquired the color characteristic of a particular variety. Do not leave them on the bushes, so that they are preserved there. This dramatically slows down the maturation of the rest.
In order not to damage the shoots, the fruits are carefully cut with scissors or a sharp knife. The best copies should be left on the seeds.
IMPORTANT. It is not necessary to collect seeds from hybrids, because the material obtained from them will not preserve the properties of the mother plant, and in the future you will receive something completely different from what you expected, or you will not wait for the harvest at all.
A copy of the favorite variety is chosen from the third tier below. The fruit intended for propagation is left on the bush, while the remaining ovaries are removed. The bush should spend all forces on that fruit from which you want to collect seeds.
Fully ripe fruit is removed and placed in a crafting bag until drying out. Make sure the bag is completely dry. The dried fruit is cut, the seeds are removed from it, dried for another week and put in a dry paper bag.
On the package write the name of the variety and the time of harvesting the seeds. Germination material will save three years.
Secrets of early harvest
On average, the optimum temperature in the greenhouse for planting peppers is reached by mid-May. But there is a way to speed up heating by making it a warm bed. For this, a 50 cm high soil layer is removed from the beds.
At the very bottom of the ditch is placed a layer of manure mixed with chopped straw. The land is laid on it, and all that you have taken out of the garden. You will have a mound to spill with hot water. This "a sandwich"Heats the soil and starts heating the air."
Peppers can be planted in such a garden as early as April, while sowing it for a whole month earlier than usual, in mid-January. And at the end of May you will receive the first fruits.
If frost suddenly begins, the bed inside the greenhouse is covered with an additional arc greenhouse. Under such a double shelter, the pepper will not freeze and will continue to grow.
Home selection
Self-sapability pepper - a wide scope for the gardener. You can become a real breeder, and get your own variety by crossing the varieties you like. Take a soft brush, collect pollen from one bush and place it in the flowers of another. Save the resulting fruit, collect the seeds from them.
Taking into account all the nuances and compliance with the rules of growing peppers in a greenhouse is a guarantee of consistently high yields of this capricious crop.
