Apple tree - is one of the oldest fruit trees grown by man.
Apple trees differ in the time of harvest, so each variety has its own characteristics of cultivation and care.
What kind is it?
Apple variety Lada refers to winter variety apple trees that are different high degree of frost resistance.
The main thing in the storage of fruits - not to allow a jump in temperature, suitable wooden and plastic boxes.
Fruits are stored up to five months.
Pollination
This variety is necessary to pollinate autumn varieties.
The best pollinators of this variety are recognized: Pepinchik Krasnoyarsk, Flashlight, Zhivinka.
Description varieties Lada
This variety of apple has average height, the growth rate is maximum at a young age.
The variety has a round shape. thick crown medium sized with lush foliage and slanted branches.
Can reach everything only three meters high. The bark at the top of the tree is brownish in color, and to the bottom it acquires a greenish tint.
The shoots are round, slightly curved in cross-section, possess strong pubescence. The leaves have a concave oblong shape, which is sharpened to the top, the edges are undulating, the size is large.
Color - green and gray. The buds of this variety have a deep pink color, and the flowers - white, very large, have a persistent aroma.
Fruits - small size, have a round, slightly oblate shape, ribbed on the sides. Weight reaches a maximum of forty grams.
During the period of removal of white color, the surface is covered with stripes of red blush.
After lying, apples get deep red, almost brown, color.
The peel of the fruit of the Lada variety is thin, under it you can see the characteristic light green large points.
Fruit taste sweet-sour, sweet. The flesh is juicy, fairly high density, crunchy, soft, white.
A photo
Breeding history
Thanks to the work of experienced specialists at the Krasnoyarsk Experimental Station for Fruit Growing Tikhonova N.N. and Tolmacheva A.S.This variety was bred by crossing two varieties of apple trees: Leletino ranetki with Papirovka.
Growing region
Characteristic region of growth - East Siberian. The variety is popular on the southern coasts Krasnoyarsk region.
Learn about the varieties suitable for planting these regions: Snowdrop, Pepin Saffron, Persianka, Gift to gardeners, Silver hoof, Sokolovskoye, Uralets, Phoenix Altai, Daughter Pepinchik, Lyubava.
Yield
Ability to fruiting the tree after four years after landing.
Further, the frequency is smooth.
In the first year after the start of fruiting from one tree, the harvest is two kilograms of fruitin the following years - six pounds.
Seven year old trees can bring up to fourteen kilos, with favorable conditions for growth and proper care, eleven-year-old yields of eleven-year-old trees can reach 35 kilograms, and the next year - 45.
Remove the fruit is worth from late August to mid-September.
The storage time of apples reaches March. Fruits have good transportability. Apples are inherent in universal consumption.
Learn about high-yielding varieties of apple trees: Gala, Antonovka dessert, Augusta, Winter pear, Lyubava, Apple Spas, Stroyevskoye, Sokolovskoye, White Filling, Lobo, Daughter of Pepinchik.
Planting and care
In order not to be disappointed with the harvest of the apple tree, it is important to plant and care for the tree correctly.
There is no consensus about planting an apple.
Some hold the opinion that the seedlings are ready for planting in the warm spring, others - in the fall, before the onset of frost.
Neither the advantages nor the disadvantages of both opinions were noted.
Therefore, the main thing to remember is that plant need, until or already warm.
Start landing from the pit. It is prepared approximately per month before the start of the proposed landing. This is necessary for the earth to have time. "descend".
So, you need to dig a hole in depth 60-70 centimeters, and a diameter - about a meter.
The topsoil is fertile, and the bottom is often clayey. Therefore, digging a hole, set aside these two layers separately - this will be important in the future.
It is advisable to loosen the bottom of the pit and cover it with tin cans, sawdust or stones. When burrowing a hole, only the top layer mixed with mineral or organic fertilizers should be used.
This mixture is filled to a third by a hole, then - just the top layer. Make a small mound, you can immediately insert a wooden peg.
The bottom layer is scattered evenly around the perimeter. When planting an apple tree, the root system of the seedling must be strictly at ground level.
The tree is tied to a cola loop in the form of eight. This is to ensure that the trunk of the apple tree does not rub against the peg during the wind in order to avoid damage to the bark. Immediately need to pour two or three buckets of water and loosen the soil.
Caring for an apple tree is an important and necessary part of growing this fruit tree in order to be satisfied with the harvest.
Absolutely every apple tree needs regular care.
The soil around should always be cleaned and loosened for the best preservation of moisture.
In the first year after planting the apple tree do not need additional feeding.
In the second year, it is already necessary to start fertilizing.which contains phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen or only the latter.
In winter, the apple tree should be protected from freezing, as well as from hares and mice. To do this, the trunk must be tied with fir or pine branches.
This protection needs to be made. before the start of frost. To protect the roots from the cold, they can cover with a small layer of manure or earth.
Also an important element of apple care is whitewash. It needs to be produced around the sixth year after landing.
To regulate healthy growth and good fruiting, an apple tree is needed pruning. This is necessary to improve the quality of the fruit and better lighting.
Old or diseased bark and branches must be removed and burned. This will keep high productivity and the life of the tree. The best time for pruning is early spring.
TIP: Pruning will have an effect only in combination with good watering and apple fertilizer.
Diseases and pests
The Lada variety has an average degree of scab resistance: only the leaves are affected, and the fruits remain intact.
Scab - This is an infection caused by a fungus.
At first it spreads in light spots, and then they can become covered with brown scurf and grow over the area.
This unpleasant disease is curable, but it is necessary to know about preventive measures: follow the pruning, fertilizing (do not overdo it with fertilizers containing nitrogen), try to plant in elevated territory.
As soon as you notice that the scab began to hit the leaves, they need remove and destroy immediately.
Every autumn, fallen leaves should be recycled to compost to avoid the spread of disputes. The soil must be dug up, and the lawn treated with a solution of ammonium nitrate.
If this method does not work, you will have to resort to the use of chemicals. One option that can help in trouble is the drug "Skor".
It is diluted with water with a ratio of one to ten, and they begin to spray the tree with this mixture in early spring.
Second phase - use of 4% oxychloride or copper sulphate: spraying should be done after flowering.
An equally serious problem that can be encountered when growing an apple tree is pests.
They can significantly spoil not only the harvest, but also the state of health of the apple tree.
The chemicals come into the fight against them: copper, iron vitriol, chlorophos, Bordeaux mixture and more.
It is desirable that when spraying the air temperature was not lower than three degrees Celsius.
Apply the drugs need to ripen the fruit, so that chemicals do not penetrate into the fruit. Couples of these drugs are not dangerous for humans, so they are quite applicable in personal gardens.
In order to get rid of insects that winter in the bark of an apple tree, you can apply complex of preventive and therapeutic measures:
- Whitewashing the trunk;
- Peeling bark;
- Treating wood wounds;
- Conducting pruning of branches before the beginning of the growing season.
From folk remedies: wood ash that fights well with aphids and caterpillars.
Variety Lada has a lot of advantages: the taste of the fruit, their versatility, transportability. Trees are resistant to frost.
Apple tree has high yields, despite the small size of the fruit. Among the shortcomings can be identified instability of the leaves to scab.
Watch the video on how to properly prepare lime whitewash and whitewash fruit trees.
