Masking tomatoes helps to improve the yield of the vegetable and protect it from various diseases. But in order for the process to produce the expected results, one needs to know when and how to carry out this procedure correctly in order to provide the plants with the necessary nutrients. On how to put the tomatoes in the greenhouse, we will tell further.
Why do I need to stick the tomatoes
First, let's see why these manipulations are necessary for tomatoes. Removal of lateral shoots from the sinuses of the leaves of the plant (stepsons) is carried out so that these processes do not take the plant nutrients.
It is known that in young shoots they are concentrated in the greatest quantity. A gardener is interested in getting them to the maximum in flowers, and then in the fruits of the plant.
In addition, the procedure helps to form a shrub for a given number of stems, to lengthen the period of fruiting of the shrub, to get a bountiful harvest earlier than usual.
It is important to be able to distinguish the leaf from the stepson, in order to remove just the extra runaway. The pasture is located in the bosom of the leaf between its stem and the main stem.
If the stepson is not removed in time, it will grow, letting in the second-level stepchildren. It is necessary to remove shoots until they have reached a length of more than 5 cm.
Important! Not all tomatoes need to be staved. Low-growing varieties such cutting is optional. But in greenhouses it is recommended to grow hybrid and indeterminate tall plants, which require compulsory stading.
If the lateral processes are not removed in time, the tomato bush will grow exponentially. Then all the forces of the plant will go to the formation of green mass.
This prevents the development of new fruits, obscures the educated, does not allow them to ripen well. Fungal diseases can actively develop in bushes, as they are poorly ventilated and moisture stagnates in them. Masking helps to avoid these troubles, and also facilitates the care of them and the harvest.
When you need pasynkovanie tomatoes
So, it is obvious that growing tomatoes in greenhouses requires pruning of excess shoots. When to do it? As soon as you find additional sprouts in the leaf axils. They are most active in growth with the appearance of flower brushes.
The procedure is carried out in the morning hours, so that during the day when active metabolic processes take place in the plant, the wound is quickly healed. Moreover, it is at this time that the shoots are most easily broken off.
Important! Make sure that the plant juice does not fall on your hands. This is necessary not for the safety of the gardener, but for the safety of other plants. If one happens to be sick, you can infect the rest.
How to pinch tomatoes in the greenhouse, the basic rules
Before stepping tomatoes in a greenhouse, you need to decide what scheme you will use to form a shrub. There are three main schemes, the choice of which depends on the area of the greenhouse and the type of plant.
Formation of bushes in one stem
This method involves the removal of all stepsons on the stem. Do not leave a chance and the so-called twins - stems, which appear when the main split. It is only important to leave all the floral brushes formed, even if they are at the bottom.
Did you know? So that the new stepson does not grow on the cleared place, a small part of the stem should be left from the former - up to 3 cm in length.
Graduates of agriculture strongly recommend using this type of bush formation for growing tomatoes in the greenhouse. But gardeners practitioners claim that yields are significantly reduced. Therefore, they prefer to grow tomatoes in two stalks.
Formation of bushes in two stalks
Forming two stalks on a bush, in addition to the main leave the first sprout that appeared at the bottom, the very first brush of the bush. This is the strongest sprout that will develop most actively. It will be possible to harvest no less abundant harvest from it than from the main stem of a bush.
All other stepchildren must be removed if it comes to the formation of tomatoes in two stems.
Formation in three stalks
This scheme assumes the presence of three fruiting stems on the bush. To do this, basically leave the sprout near the first flower brush, located at the very bottom of the plant. Then on the stem you need to find another strongest sprout.
As a rule, it is located next to the first, but there are exceptions. All other stepchildren must be removed.
Did you know? If there is a desire to harvest the first harvest early, select several bushes and leave one stalk with several brushes on them, pinching the top. The rest of the planting can be carried out the formation of tomatoes in two or three stems.
How to grape tomatoes of different varieties
The pinching process is different depending on the types of tomatoes. They are indeterminate, semi-determinant, determinant. But there are general rules by which the procedure is carried out for any type of tomato.
So, it is desirable to remove the processes by breaking them off, and not cutting them. It is necessary to carry out the procedure in the morning in dry weather, so that the place of breaking will quickly heal and the plant will not get sick. This should be done every week, removing all processes, regardless of their size.
If it's time to pinch, and the weather is overcast, disinfect with a 1% potassium permanganate solution after treating each plant. Primary treatment should be healthy bushes of the most valuable varieties. At last, the bushes are treated with stains and "yellowing" on the leaves and stems.
Did you know? When the bush is formed and the necessary number of brushes grows on it, it is necessary to carry out the last stage of pruning - pinch its top. This will not allow the plant to reach up and form new ovaries.
Indeterminant sacabing
Used for the respective varieties of tomatoes, which must be formed into one stem. Such drastic measures are due to the nature of the growth of the bush - indeterminate tomatoes produce a lot of lateral processes.
Therefore, they remove all the shoots, leaving "penechki" about a centimeter. He will delay the formation of new stepchildren. In total, no more than a dozen shoots should remain on such a bush.
However, if you have a fairly large greenhouse, you can leave two stalks at the bush - the main and the first stepson (or the second). And on the secondary stem should be left no more than 4-5 brushes. After pruning such a bush must be mulched.
Semi-determinant sticks of tomatoes
Tomatoes of these varieties can reach a length of up to 180 cm. With a sparing planting, two or three stems can be left on them. The peculiarity of these varieties is that the pasynkovanny bush can be completed, that is, after removal of the lateral processes, the main stem stops growing.
Therefore, it is not necessary to put the seedling all the seedlings, if only semi-determinant tomatoes are growing in your greenhouse. Process some of them and, if the growth has not stopped, continue the procedure on the following. Those bushes that have stopped growing up can be formed into several stems.
How to pinch deterministic varieties
It is believed that the pinching of determinant tomatoes in a greenhouse is not necessary. These low-growing bushes do not grow much. In this case, it is important to adhere to the recommendations on the agricultural technology of a particular variety.
However, if you want to get an early harvest from them, it is necessary to carry out pasynkovanie. To do this, remove all the shoots, leaving only two or three inflorescences, then pinch the top.
Superdeterminant varieties
In addition to the determinant tomatoes, superdeterminant ones are also isolated, the cultivation of which also requires the removal of lateral processes. it extremely low-growing varieties that bear fruit only on the first three to five inflorescences.
Therefore, it is important to remove all the rest, leaving one or three stems on the bush. With one stalk, the main shoot is left; with two, the first stepson is left with the exception of the main one; with three, the first and second ones are left. But in the latter case, there is a big risk of getting a lot of undisrupted fruits. Each of the stems should have no more than three inflorescences.
Tomatoes are quite capricious plants that require a special temperature regime, the mode of lighting, feeding, watering and the formation of bushes. The latter allows you to send all the plant nutrients to the fruit, without spending on unnecessary shoots.
There are several special strawing schemes for tomatoes that are suitable for one or another plant variety. They are used until the beginning of August, when all measures for the removal of shoots end, and the top of the bush pinch.
This allows you to get a rich and well-ripened crop. But keep in mind, if summer is abundant in rains and cold, then even stepson will not save you from a meager harvest.
